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In order to accomplish the above-mentioned objectives, the work has mainly consisted of two phases. First of all, a review of the state-of-the-art and of the latest research on the fourth generation refrigerants has been performed and used as a base for the selection of a shortlist of possible alternatives to R410A. The choice has been made following safety (no toxicity), environmental (no ODP and GWP lower than R410A), and thermodynamic (suitable pressure and temperature characteristics) criteria. Secondly, a model has been created on EES reproducing the functioning of the studied HP, and validated against available experimental data and a second model created on IMST-ART. The refrigerants have then been tested in such model, and results of environmental performance compared with the baseline R410A. 1.2. Limitations of the model The main limitations of this work lie in the applicability of the model and consist of: - Compressor efficiency correlations unavailable for R32 and R1234ze(E), hence assumed. - Compressor efficiency correlations unavailable for R450A and R513A. - UA correlations for the heat exchangers obtained from regression analysis, thus limited to the considered thermodynamic conditions and refrigerant - Inlet brine temperature fixed at 0°C according to the Standard BS EN 14825:2012 The validity of the results can thus only be assured in the window of conditions considered in the creation of the model. 1.3. Thesis’ structure In chapter 2, an overview of the refrigerants’ main characteristics is given. It is followed by a summary of the available literature on the most relevant possible alternatives to R410A. Finally, the selection of the short-list of fluids to be analysed in the model is performed and motivated. In chapter 3 the model utilised for the analysis of the performance is described, along with the explanation of the calculations methods for the SCOP and TEWI factors. Chapter 4 includes all the relevant results and the comparison between the contemplated options. In chapter 5 the conclusion is given, and the necessary future work described. -4-PDF Image | Next generation of refrigerants for residential heat pump systems
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