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2.1.6 Bio-butanol Companies in Industry Recently a few companies such as Butamax and Gevo have noticed the potential of bio-butanol as a biofuel source. In order to grow the bio-butanol market, Butamax and Gevo have developed new technology to produce bio-butanol. The companies discovered it is possible to cost effectively retrofit ethanol production facilities into butanol production facilities. Butamax and Gevo both make a few changes to the production plant during the retrofitting process. A few of the changes include the addition of a corn oil removal system and modification of existing equipment ("Butamax," 2016). In addition to retrofitting production facilities Butamax, also insures their clients that they will provide a secure, high-value market for all bio-butanol production ("Butamax," 2016). The companies are both relatively new however their progress in recent years shows promise. In 2013 Butamax started its first bio-butanol retrofitting project in Lamberton, Minnesota. Today the facility is open and in full operation ("Butamax," 2016). Gevo also has a plant in Luverne, Minnesota that produces isobutanol, ethanol and related products from renewable feedstocks ("Gevo," 2016). In 2015, Butamax and Gevo decided to enter into Global Patent Cross-License and Settlement Agreements to Accelerate Development of Markets for Bio-based Isobutanol and End All Litigation ("Butamax," 2016). Previously the two companies were in competition and devoting a portion of their time and energy to litigation over bio-butanol technologies instead of their company’s growth. With the new agreement, both Butamax and Gevo can focus on growing the bio- butanol industry by continuing to improve their technologies and expand the bio-butanol market. 2.2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a separation process using a solvent that is above its critical pressure and temperature (Seader & Henley, 1998). First observations about using a supercritical fluid as a solvent medium were recorded in the late nineteenth century (McHugh et al., 1994). However, it was not until the 1960s that some applications of SFE were being evaluated for certain commercial processes (Seader & Henley, 1998). By the mid-1980s some SFE plants had appeared in Germany, the UK, France, and the United States for decaffeinating coffee beans, extracting hops and separating spices (Seader & 17PDF Image | Extraction of Bio-Butanol using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
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