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Figure 3-12 Comparison of State-of-the-Art Single Cell Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Data (58) Developers in the U.S., Japan, and Europe have developed impressively integrated DMFC systems. Although energy density must still improve to broadly compete with state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries in consumer applications, several developers have announced products for niche consumer or industrial applications within the next few years. If successful, this could represent the earliest commercialization of fuel cells beyond space applications. 3.4 PEFC Applications 3.4.1 TransportationApplications The focus for PEFC applications of PEFC today is on prime power for cars and light trucks. PEFC is the only type of fuel cell considered for prime motive power in on-road vehicles (as opposed to APU power, for which SOFC is also being developed). PEFC systems fueled by hydrogen, methanol, and gasoline have been integrated into light duty vehicles by at least twelve different carmakers. Early prototypes of fuel cell vehicles (Honda and Toyota) have been released to controlled customer groups in Japan and the U.S. However, all automakers agree that the widespread application of PEFC to transportation will not occur until well into the next decade: • Volume and weight of fuel cell systems must be further reduced • Life and reliability of PEFC systems must be improved • PEFC systems must be made more robust in order to be operable under the entire range of environmental conditions expected of vehicles • Additional technology development is required to achieve the necessary cost reductions • A hydrogen infrastructure, and the accompanying safety codes and standards must be developed. 3-21PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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