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Fuel cell APUs will likely have to operate on gasoline, and for trucks preferably on diesel fuel, in order to match the infrastructure available, and preferably to be able to share on-board storage tanks with the main engine. The small amount of fuel involved in fueling APUs would likely not justify the establishment of a specialized infrastructure (e.g. a hydrogen infrastructure) for APUs alone. Similarly, fuel cell APUs should be water self-sufficient, as the need to carry water for the APU would be a major inconvenience to the operator, and would require additional space and associated equipment. In addition to the requirement for stationary operation mentioned in Figure 8-45, fuel cell APUs must be able to provide power rapidly after start-up, and must be able to follow loads. While the use of batteries to accomplish this is almost a given, a system start-up time of about ten minutes or less will likely be required to arrive at a reasonable overall package. Finally, fuel cell APUs are clean. These attributes may well be the key competitive advantage that fuel cell APUs have over conventional APUs, and hence their performance must more than match that of internal combustion engines APUs. 8.7.2 Technology Status Active technology development efforts in both PEFC and planar SOFC technology, driven primarily by the interest in distributed generation and automotive propulsion markets, have achieved significant progress in the development of these technologies. For distributed power applications refined and even early commercial prototypes are being constructed. However, in the case of planar SOFC a distinction must be made between different types of SOFC technologies. Neither the tubular nor the electrolyte supported SOFC technology is suitable for APU applications due to their very high operating temperature, large size and weight. Only the electrode supported planar SOFC technology may be applicable to APU applications. Since it has only been developed over the past nine years, as opposed to several decades for PEFC and other SOFC technologies, it is not developed as far, although it appears to be catching up quickly (See Figure 8-46). Research & Development Initial System Prototypes Demonstration Refined Prototypes Commercial Prototypes Production Market Entry Planar SOFC (Residential) Planar SOFC (APU) PEM (Residential) PEM (APU) Figure 8-46 Stage of development for fuel cells for APU applications 8-98PDF Image | Fuel Cell Handbook (Seventh Edition)
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