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Method and characterisation 3.6 Sulfonation of Mordenite The sulfonation of functionalized mordenite was carried out to enhance the proton conductivity of the modified MEA with mordenite in DMFC. Sulfonation was carried out by attached phenyl groups on the surface of the functionalized mordenite (section 4.3.4) via toluene according to the procedure listed by Wu et al [133]. Figure 3.34 Schematic sulfonation of mordenite surface Sulfonation of mordenite was made to the F-MOR to improve ion conductivity in the mordenite modified binding layer MEA. The mordenite was functionalized by using MPTS agent to graft the silane group on the surface of the zeolite. Briefly Mordenite (1.0 g) and 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTS) (1.0 ml) was mixed with 4.0 ml of toluene at reflux temperature of 80°C with magnetic stirrer. 1.0 M of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was added to the mordenite to sulfonate the surface of the mordenite. The mixture was stirred and sonicated for two hours interval of 15 minutes. The mixture was centrifuged to remove the upper layer of mixture and the bottom layer was filtered, washed with water and ethanol. The sulfonated mordenite was dried overnight in drying cabinet (80°C), labelled as SULFO-MOR and kept for further used The following steps explain the details method of silylation and sulfonation of mordenite: Protonated mordenite (1.0 g) and MPTS (1.0 ml) were added into a vial. Toluene (4.0 ml) was added to the vial. The mixture was mixed for 15 min via magnetic stirrer. The mixture was centrifuged to separate mordenite from the upper layer. Sirhan AL-Batty Page 116PDF Image | Membrane Electrode Assembly Modification by Zeolite and Graphene Oxide
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