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Micromachines 2021, 12, 72 6 of 12 Figure 4. Effect of different heating temperatures on the performance of μDMFC. 33.2.2.3.3. .ThheeEEffefeccttooffHeeaatitninggTTimimeeoonnththeePPeerfroformrmaannceceoof fμμDDMMFFCC FFigiguurree5depictstheI-VandII--PccuurrvveessooffμμDDMMFCFCwwithithdidffieffrernetnhtehaetiantgintgimtiemseinstihne thcaetaclaytsatlypsrteparerpatairoantipornocpersosc.eTshs.e Tcehlel wceitlhl wthiethhtehaetinhgeattiimnge otifm6ehoefx6hihbietsxhthibeibtsestthpeebrefostr- performance when the pH and the heating temperature are set at 10 and 160 ◦C, respectively. mance when the pH and the heating temperature are set at 10 and 160 °C, respectively. It It can be found that the cell performance increases continually with the heating time. This is can be found that the cell performance increases continually with the heating time. This is due to the fact that the reduction reaction rate in the solvent is still rising and does not reach due to the fact that the reduction reaction rate in the solvent is still rising and does not the maximum value during the first six hours. However, when the heating time is operated reach the maximum value during the first six hours. However, when the heating time is to increase continually and exceeds 6 h, the performance of the fuel cell drops obviously, operated to increase continually and exceeds 6 h, the performance of the fuel cell drops which indicates that the Pt and Ru have reached the maximum value of reduction, and obviously, which indicates that the Pt and Ru have reached the maximum value of reduc- continuous high temperature makes the formed reduced graphene oxide loaded with Pt-Ru catalyst unstable, leading to degradation of cell performance [15]. with Pt-Ru catalyst unstable, leading to degradation of cell performance [15]. tion, and continuous high temperature makes the formed reduced graphene oxide loaded Micromachines 2021, 12, x 7 of 13 FFigiguurere55..EEffefeccttooffhheeaatitninggtitmimeeoonnththeeppeerfroformrmaannceceooffμμDDMMFFCC.. According to the above experiments, the pH value, heating temperature and heating According to the above experiments, the pH value, heating temperature and heating time during the preparation and reduction process have a great influence on the perfor- time during the preparation and reduction process have a great influence on the perfor- mance of the composite electrode. According to the experimental results, the optimal mance of the composite electrode. According to the experimental results, the optimal pH pH value, the optimal heating temperature and the optimal heating time are 10, 160 ◦C value, the optimal heating temperature and the optimal heating time are 10, 160 °C and 6 and 6 h, respectively. As shown in Figure 6, under the optimal process parameters, the h, respectively. As shown in Figure 6, under the optimal process parameters, the power power density of μDMFC with the reduced graphene oxide composite electrode can reach density of μDMFC with the reduced graphene oxide composite electrode can reach 21.9 21.9 mW/cm2 under the high current load of 95 mA. mW/cm2 under the high current load of 95 mA. Figure 6. Performance curve of μDMFC prepared under optimal process parameters. Figure 6. Performance curve of μDMFC prepared under optimal process parameters. 3.3. Effect of Impregnation Reduction Method on the Performance of μDMFC In this work, the effects of different preparation methods on the properties of the μDMFC were investigated; the catalyst was prepared by the high-temperature polyol method with ethylene glycol as the reducing agent and the impregnation reduction method with sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. An anode electrode was pre-PDF Image | Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Reduced Graphene Oxide
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