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144 IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage table 3.5 Illustrative impacts of CCS energy requirements on plant-level resource consumption and non-CO2 emission rates for three current power plant systems. Values shown are mass flow rates in kg per MWh for the capture plant, plus increases over the reference plant rates for the same plant type. See footnotes for additional details. (Source: Rubin et al., 2005) Capture Plant Parameter a Resource consumption PC b increase iGCC c increase Rate NGCC d increase Solid Wastes/byproduct 2.76 0.005 0.005 0.80 0.80 Atmospheric emissions 4.05 4.05 0.005 0.005 0.94 0.94 –704 97 -720 43 –342 Fuel Limestone Ammonia CCS Reagents 390 27.5 0.80 2.76 93 361 49 156 23 6.8 - - - - 0.19--- - Ash/slag FGD residues Sulfur Spent CCS sorbent 6.7 34.2 4.7 - - 12.2--- - - - 7.53 1.04 - - CO2 SOx NOx NH3 107 0.001 0.77 0.23 –0.29 0.33 0.05 - - 0.18 0.10 0.01 0.11 0.02 0.22 - - 0.002 0.002 Rate Rate (All values in kg mWh-1) 28.1 49.6 a Net power output of all plants is approximately 500 MW. Coal plants use Pittsburgh #8 coal with 2.1%S, 7.2% ash, 5.1% moisture and 303.2 MJ kg-1 lower heating value basis (LHV). Natural gas LHV = 59.9 MJ kg-1. All plants capture 90% of potential CO2 emissions and compress to 13.7 MPa. b PC= Pulverized coal-fired plant; based on a supercritical unit with SCR, ESP and FGD systems, followed by an amine system for CO2 capture. SCR system assumes 2 ppmv ammonia slip. SO2 removal efficiency is 98% for reference plant and 99% for capture plant. Net plant efficiency (LHV basis) is 40.9% without CCS and 31.2% with CCS. c IGCC=integrated gasification combined cycle system based on Texaco quench gasifiers (2 + 1 spare), two GE 7FA gas turbines, 3-pressure reheat HRSG. Sulfur removal efficiency is 98% via hydrolyzer plus Selexol system; Sulfur recovery via Claus plant and Beavon-Stretford tailgas unit. Net plant efficiency (LHV basis) is 39.1% without CCS and 33.8% with CCS. d NGCC=natural gas combined cycle plant using two GE 7FA gas turbines and 3-pressure reheat HRSG, with an amine system for CO2 capture. Net plant efficiency (LHV basis) is 55.8% without CCS and 47.6% with CCS.PDF Image | CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
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