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Energies 2021, 14, 387 is supplied to a secondary cycle in the boiler. By contrast, in the gas turbine cycle shown in Figure 3b, the flue gas at high pressure and temperature produces electricity through a gas turbine (direct cycle) and provides power heat to a secondary cycle in a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG). 7 of 32 It is worth mentioning an emerging power plant based on the Allam cycle. The Allam cycle combines the oxy-combustion CO2 capture process with the supercritical CO2 used as working fluid at very high pressure (≃300 bar) and temperatures (≃1150 °C at the tur- inlet). An Allam cycle power plant fueled by natural gas achieves 59% LHV efficiency and bine inlet). An Allam cycle power plant fueled by natural gas achieves 59% LHV efficiency captures 100% of CO . 2 and captures 100% of CO2. BeforeCO storageorrecirculation,thefluegasproducedinacoal-firedpowerplant 2 Before CO2 storage or recirculation, the flue gas produced in a coal-fired power plant passes through several cleaner units to remove contaminants contained in the fuel. The passes through several cleaner units to remove contaminants contained in the fuel. The contaminants are usually more numerous in coal than in gas fuel, and therefore more steps contaminants are usually more numerous in coal than in gas fuel, and therefore more steps are needed to obtain useful CO2. are needed to obtain useful CO2. Fiigurree33..((aa))OxxyyfufueellccoommbbuustsitoinonininthteheCCiricruclualtaintigngFlFuliudidseisdedBeBde(dC(FCBF)Br)earectaocrtowriwthitChOC2Orecirreccuir-cu- 2 lation coupled with Rankine cycle (secondary cycle); (b) gas turbine cycle with CO2 recirculation lation coupled with Rankine cycle (secondary cycle); (b) gas turbine cycle with CO2 recirculation (direct cycle). In both plants, the storage receives near pure excess of CO2 [24]. (direct cycle). In both plants, the storage receives near pure excess of CO2 [24]. The flue gas cleaning island is usually composed of an Electro-Static Precipitator The flue gas cleaning island is usually composed of an Electro-Static Precipitator (ESP) (ESP) and a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) unit. The ESP unit removes the Particulate and a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) unit. The ESP unit removes the Particulate Matter Matter (PM) in a coal-fired power plant with an efficiency of up to 99.5%. These devices (PM) in a coal-fired power plant with an efficiency of up to 99.5%. These devices operate at ◦ o1p3e0r–a1t5e0atC1,3b0u–1t 5w0it°hCd, beucrtewasiitnhgdemcriesasisoingliemitissoifonPMlim, niteswofloPwM-l,onwewtemlopwe-rlaotwurteeEmSpPesra-re ◦ tiumreplEeSmPesnatreedi,mopeleramtienngteadt,8o0p–9e0ratCin.gAattt8h0is–9ra0n°gCe.oAfttethmisprearnatguereosf,ttehmepeelercattruicrerse,stihsteiveilteyco-f tcroicalrdesuistiivsiltoywoefrcaonadl tdhuesptriescilpoiwtaetrioannedffitchienpcyrecaipniitnatciroenasef(fuicnietinlc9y9.9ca%n) [i2n5c]r.eIanseth(euFnGtilD 9u9n.9it%,t)h[e25fl]u.eIngtahseinFtGerDacutsnwit,itheanfluaebsgoarsbingtemraectdsiuwmithpraondaubcsinogrbhinighmlyesdoiluidmslpurrordy.uFciGnDgs hciagnhblyescolalisdsisfileudrrays.nFoGnD-rsegcaenebreabcleasasnifdierdegaesnneoranb-rlegpernoecreasbseles,adnedperengdeingeroanbltehperaobcseosrsbeesn,t compound used. Several sorbents are used during this process (e.g., limestone, magnesium lime, seawater and ammonia) and they have different desulphurisation efficiencies [26]. In a gas turbine cycle, the fuel requires a desulphurisation process before the combustion. The purified flue gas flows into a condenser to reduce its water content. Indeed, a dry CO2 stream is necessary to avoid acid formation. Finally, the temperature and pressure of CO2 is conditioned depending on the means of transport used (e.g., supercritical condition in the case of pipeline transportation).PDF Image | Energies 14
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