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VOC. And the bed must be dried and cooled after each desorption, regardless of the amount of VOC removed. Thus, if the bed is regenerated too frequently, the bed drying/cooling fan must operate more often, increasing its power consumption. Also, more frequent regeneration tends to shorten the carbon life. As a rule-of-thumb, the optimum regeneration frequency for fixed-bed adsorbers treating streams with moderate to high VOC inlet loadings is once every 8 to 12 hours.[1] 1.7 Estimating Total Capital Investment This section describes the procedures that can be used to estimate the purchased costs for fixed-bed and canister-type carbon adsorbers. Since entirely different procedures should be used to estimate the purchased costs of fixed-bed and canister-type adsorbers, the two systems are discussed separately. 1.7.1 Fixed-Bed Systems As indicated in the previous section, the purchased cost for fixed-bed carbon adsorbers using steam regeneration is a function of the volumetric flow rate, VOC inlet and outlet loadings, the adsorption time, and the working capacity of the activated carbon. As Figure 1.1 shows, the adsorber system is made up of several different items. Of these, the adsorber vessels and the carbon comprise from one-half to nearly 90% of the total equipment cost. (See Section 1.7.1.3.) There is also auxiliary equipment, such as fans, pumps, condensers, decanters, and internal piping, but because these usually comprise a small part of the total purchased cost, they may be “factored” from the costs of the carbon and vessels without introducing significant error into a cost estimate at a study-level of accuracy, as this one is. The costs of these major items are considered separately. 1.7.1.1 Carbon Cost Carbon Cost, Cc, in dollars ($) is simply the product of the initial carbon requirement (Mc) and the current price of carbon. where Cc = CC = Mc = Cc CCMc Cost of carbon for the adsorber ($) Unit cost of carbon ($/lb) Amount of carbon required (lbs) (1.16) As adsorber vendors buy carbon in very large quantities (million-pound lots or larger), their cost is somewhat lower than the list price. Vendors report typical carbons cost between $1.90 to $6.50 per pound for virgin carbon and $0.95 to $1.55 per pound for reactivated carbon Carbtrol reported costs of $1.90/lb for virgin carbon purchased in 1,100 lb sacks. [25, 29] 1.7.1.2 Vessel Cost The cost of an adsorber vessel is primarily determined by its dimensions which, in turn, depend upon the amount of carbon it must hold and the superficial gas velocity through the bed 1-20PDF Image | Carbon Adsorbers
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