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5.5.2 PSA Instrumentation, Process Control, and Data Collection There are three types of valves used in the system: hand valves, pneumatic valves, and switch valves. The hand and switch valves direct flow into the system manually. The pneumatic valves are switched on/off by solenoid coils that are either controlled manually or by an EZPLC programmable logic controller (PLC). The PLC provides automated control of the pneumatic valves through a programmed repeated sequence of events that open and close valves at specific intervals to create a cyclic PSA process. It is located on a controller switch board that contains sixteen manual switches. The switch position determines the controller switch board mode. The up position delegates control to the controller, the down position switches the valve on, and the middle position turns the valve off. Two different pressure transducers placed at two separate points in the process collect pressure data. The first is an Omega Dyne transducer (PTRANSD on Figure 5.7), which has a very small dead volume (i.e. flush membrane transducer) and is used primarily to determine the column pressure. The other pressure transducer is a MKS Baratron Type 722A absolute pressure transducer that is connected to a switch valve (not pictured in the figures). The switch valve has seven ports and is connected to six different points in the process (P1-P6 on Figures 5.6 and 5.7) with one port left open to measure the atmospheric pressure. This provides flexibility to check pressure at different points in the apparatus. However, this pressure transducer has a significant amount of dead volume and is normally only used on the product end of the process as to not impose extra dead volume to the columns. Pressure is controlled by back pressure 83PDF Image | LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION
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