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Chapter 3: Experimental setups Measurement devices Temperatures are measured using T-type thermocouples. Pressure levels are measured with both absolute and differential pressure sensors. The shaft power is measured with torque and tacho meters and a Coriolis flow meter is installed at the pump outlet to measure the refrigerant flow rate. The different sensors used on the test bench are described in Table 5. Measurement Absolute Pressures Pressure drops Working fluid flow rate Temperatures Torque Electrical power Constructor Keller Sensotec Emerson n/a Lebow Gossen Range 0-5 or 0-10 bar 0-500 or 0-1000 mbar 0-0.15 kg/s -200°C to 350°C max 20Nm 15000 rpm 0 to 3 kW Accuracy 0.5% full scale 0.5% full scale 0.1% full scale 0.3 K +- 0.1 Nm 0.5% full scale 2.2 Measurements Table 5: Measurement devices In total, 39 steady-state performance points were achieved, by varying the operating conditions of the cycle, i.e. the expander speed, the pump swept volume, the heat source/sink flow rate and temperature and the refrigerant charge. The variation range of each parameter is provided in Table 6. Working condition First hot air source mean temperature Second hot air source mean temperature Air mass flow rate Refrigerant flow rate Condenser water volume flow rate Condenser mean water temperature Expander rotation speed Minimum value 53.4 °C 101.0 °C 0.071 kg/s 45 g/s 0.13 l/s 13.2 °C 1771 rpm Maximum value 86.4 °C 163.2 °C 0.90 kg/s 86 g/s 0.70 l/s 15.0 °C 2660 rpm Table 6: Range of achieved operating conditions 7PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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