PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 096
Chapter 5: Fluid selection and cycle optimization 2 Thermodynamic optimization When optimizing the design of a cycle, it is necessary to list the degrees of freedom available in the system and link them (at least qualitatively) to the operating conditions of the cycle. This topic has already been covered in Chapter 4, by showing the influence of each degree of freedom. The components thermodynamic interactions highlighted in the case of the ORC prototype using volumetric pump and expander are summarized hereunder: Mass flow rate. Since the pump is a positive displacement machine, it imposes the volume flow rate. The fluid being incompressible, the mass flow rate is also determined by the pump. It can be adjusted by modifying the swept volume of the pump or varying its rotational speed. Evaporating pressure. In the case of a positive displacement machine, the absorbed volume of fluid at each revolution is fixed. Since the volume flow rate is imposed by the expander rotating speed, and since the mass flow rate is imposed by the pump, the vapor density is modulated to maintain continuity at steady state. Modulating the density can be achieved by varying the temperature or the pressure. However, in usual working conditions, the relative variation of the temperature (expressed in Kelvin) is small compared to the relative variation of the pressure. The expander supply pressure is thus imposed by the expander rotating speed for a given pump flow rate: reducing the expander rotating speed leads to a higher evaporating pressure. In the case of a turbomachine, the relation is similar: the high pressure is fixed by the opening of the guiding vanes. When these vanes are mobile, the smaller the opening, the higher the evaporating pressure. Evaporator exhaust superheating. Flow rate and evaporating pressure being set by the pump and the expander, the total heat transfer across the evaporator is determined by the evaporator configuration and by the temperature and flow rate of the hot stream. This heat flux also imposes the superheating at the evaporator exhaust. Condenser supply temperature. In the absence of recuperator, the condenser supply temperature is the temperature of the fluid leaving the expander. This temperature is imposed by the expander efficiency and by the ambient heat losses of the expander. Condenser exhaust subcooling. In an ORC cycle, the mass of the fluid in vapor state is negligible compared to that of the liquid. Adding more fluid to the circuit increases the amount of liquid, and increases the level of liquid in the heat exchangers. If the evaporating conditions (pressure, overheating) are fixed, the liquid level in the evaporator remains more or less the same because the fluid requires a fixed heat exchanger area to get evaporated and overheated. In this case, increasing the refrigerant charge will increase the liquid level in the condenser only and increase the subcooling zone in the heat exchanger. The fluid will therefore have more exchange area to become 4PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
PDF Search Title:
Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar UsesOriginal File Name Searched:
58881261.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |