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Sustainability 2020, 12, 20 9 of 21 Figure 6. Evolution of primary energy production in kilobarrels of oil equivalents (KBOE) [68]. Research on the analysis of emissions and energy consumption has been carried out in Ecuador, Research on the analysis of emissions and energy consumption has been carried out in Ecuador, including an analysis of the possible dimension of the physical impact of climate change and its including an analysis of the possible dimension of the physical impact of climate change and its economic quantification in different areas, such as water resources, agriculture, biodiversity, marine economic quantification in different areas, such as water resources, agriculture, biodiversity, marine and coastal resources, health, infrastructure, extreme events, and the Galapagos Islands were carried and coastal resources, health, infrastructure, extreme events, and the Galapagos Islands were carried ouotubtybtyhtehEecEocnoonmomicicCCoommisissioionnfforrLatinAmericaandttheeCCaarirbibbeaenan(E(CECLALAC)Ci)ni2n021031.3T.oTaonalnyazleyze carcbarobnoenmemissisisoinosn,se,neneregrgyyccoonnssuumpttiion,andsustainablleedeevveeloloppmmenentitninEcEucaudaodrobrebtwetewenee1n981098a0ndand 202052, 5r,efrerfernecnece[6[96]9u] suesdedSSDDM, ,ddeeccoomposition analysiiss,,aanddththeeKKuuzznnetestscucruvrev.eA. Astusdtuydoynocnarcbaornbon emeimssiisosinosnisninEcEucuadadoorrtotoggeenneerrattepolicies to promotteeitistsrreedduuctcitoinonwwasacsocnodnudcutecdtebdybryefreerfeenrceen[c7e0][.70]. Likewise, reference [71] analyzed the scenarios of national government policies and global trends Likewise, reference [71] analyzed the scenarios of national government policies and global trends that that mark the way forward in the search for the reduction of energy consumption, energy efficiency, mark the way forward in the search for the reduction of energy consumption, energy efficiency, and the and the mitigation of CO2 emissions in Ecuador by 2030. mitigation of CO2 emissions in Ecuador by 2030. Total secondary energy production in Ecuador has remained at levels close to 70 million BEP Total secondary energy production in Ecuador has remained at levels close to 70 million BEP between 2003 and 2015, with fuel oil as the main secondary energy produced in the country, followed between 2003 and 2015, with fuel oil as the main secondary energy produced in the country, followed by diesel until 2011, after which electricity became the second main energy source produced, and is by diesel until 2011, after which electricity became the second main energy source produced, and is currently almost on par with fuel oil production (Figure 7). currently almost on par with fuel oil production (Figure 7). Figure 7. Evolution of secondary energy production (KBOE) [68]. Figure 7. Evolution of secondary energy production (KBOE) [68]. Of the six economic sectors in terms of final energy consumption identified at the national level Of the six economic sectors in terms of final energy consumption identified at the national level by 2015, transport had a 46% share of the total energy demanded by the country’s sectors, industries by 2015, transport had a 46% share of the total energy demanded by the country’s sectors, industries reached 19%, and the residential sector reached 13% (Figure 8). Although there was a 4% reduction in reached 19%, and the residential sector reached 13% (Figure 8). Although there was a 4% reduction sectoral energy consumption in the country in 2015 compared to 2014, there was an increase in the in sectoral energy consumption in the country in 2015 compared to 2014, there was an increase in the demand for transport (2%) and for households (1.6%). This fact has been justified mainly by lower Sustainability 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 10 of 22 demand for transport (2%) and for households (1.6%). This fact has been justified mainly by lower energy consumption in the industry (−4.5%) and in other sectors [68]. energy consumption in the industry (−4.5%) and in other sectors [68]. Figure 8. Evolution of consumption by sector (KBOE) [68]. Figure 8. Evolution of consumption by sector (KBOE) [68]. Related studies between energy consumption and polluting emissions support the impact of the structure of energy consumption on air [72–74]. GDP growth and fossil fuel energy consumption are mentioned as major sources of CO2 emission [75–77]. The total of emissions produced is calculated with the following expression:PDF Image | Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions in Ecuador
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