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propose a program for EOL management CalRecycle staff noted that any EOL program for EV batteries must be adaptable and responsive to changes in technologies; staff acknowledged that California’s laws governing EOL management of electronic devices have not been responsive to changing technologies. In February 2018, the California State Assembly introduced a bill, “AB 2832 Recycling and Reuse: Lithium-Ion Batteries,” with a specific focus on li-ion batteries in EVs.274 If passed, this law would establish a proper disposal mechanism for EV batteries with no cost to EV owners (As of June 2018, the bill is awaiting approval at the California State Senate.275). The bill requires the California DTSC to work with stakeholders, including other state agencies, to identify a plan to reuse or recycle EV batteries at the end of their useful life. The plan needs to be submitted to the Legislature by July 1, 2020.276 Bill 2832 also promulgates the establishment of a grant program for developing EOL avenues, which battery manufacturers can apply for.277 The bill also requires the Secretary for Environmental Protection, on or before April 1, 2019, to convene the Lithium-Ion Car Battery Recycling Advisory Group to review, and advise the Legislature on, policies pertaining to the collection and recycling of EV li-ion batteries that would ensure that as close to 100% as possible of li-ion batteries in the state are reused or recycled at EOL in a safe and cost-effective manner.278 The group continued to canvass for volunteer members in late July, 2019. Its report on options for recycling in California is due by April 2022.279 Driven by a concern about the safety of li-ion batteries in recycling facilities (after expensive and damaging fires), the California legislature is advancing Assembly Bill 1509280 which would require industry to set up a stewardship program for li-ion batteries from electronic devices. The bill specifically excludes li-Ion batteries from motor vehicles. While it is unlikely this law would be expanded to include EV batteries in the near future, that could happen once EVs penetrate the market more, especially if there are problems with illegal dumping (as is the case with PV panels in California). If Bill 1509 passes, it will accelerate the pressure to develop responsible EOL infrastructure for li-ion batteries. As of late July 2019, the bill has passed out of the State Assembly and is under consideration in the California Senate.281 274 Gaines, L., Richa, K., and Spangenberger, J. 2018. “Key issues for Li-ion battery recycling.” MRS Energy & Sustainability, 5.PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
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