PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 134
8 Conclusions This research project involved a detailed literature review as well as interviews to identify the current and near-term future processes employed for the reuse and recycling of EV batteries. EV battery technologies and chemistries currently used and likely to be used in the near future, as well as the potential technical, environmental, energy and cost issues associated with EV battery recycling and second-life uses were addressed. Conclusions from the study are summarized below: • An estimated 688,000 HEVs, PHEVs and BEVs were sold in the US in 2018. EV sales are likely to grow to a market penetration rate of 8% by 2025, resulting in sales of 1.3 million PHEVs and BEVs in that year in the US. • EOL EVs will reach about 525,000 units in 2025 and over 1 million units in 2030. While most of these batteries will be NiMH for the next few years, by 2025 most will be li-ion based. • There is no established collection infrastructure for EV batteries in the US at this time. The EOL EV batteries are beginning to show up at scrap yards in sufficient numbers to now raise concern aboutpropermanagement. • EV battery reuse appears to be a viable business model with good profit margins if issues around liability can be addressed. • While recycling of small sized li-ion consumer batteries is well established in the US, the recycling of li-ion EV batteries is much more complex as the units are heavy (up to 400-500kg for many models), dangerous until fully discharged, and require a lot of dismantling. Costs to recycle EV b a t t e r i e s are not well identified or understood, but it appears that recycling EV batteries using today’s technologies incurs a cost rather than generates revenue based on metal values. Traditional recyclers charge EV battery owners a fee based on the time it takes to recycle the battery, and pay a credit back based on metal values recovered. • Limited information was found on the current costs of recycling EV batteries using either traditional or new approaches. A business case should be developed that identifies the costs and risks associated with traditional approaches to EV battery recycling, which are likely to be the only options available for the next few years. • Based on the research carried out for this study, it is considered more likely that EV batteries will be directed to reuse prior to recycling where reuse options are available, as the economics of reuse will continue to be favourable for the foreseeable future. We see no evidence that recycling will be carried out at a positive value at the EV battery level in the next five years, as the technologies that promise to achieve this have not yet been proven at commercial scale (see Section 5), and reuse is proven to result in a positive cash flow. • The environmental benefits of reuse relate to extending the lifespan of the battery and reducing KELLEHER RESEARCH STUDY ON REUSE AND RECYCLING OF BATTERIES EMPLOYED IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER, 2019 PAGE 131PDF Image | Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric Vehicles
PDF Search Title:
Reuse and Recycling of Batteries Employed in Electric VehiclesOriginal File Name Searched:
EV-Battery-Reuse-Recycling-18Dec2019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |