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Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 840 Nanomaterials 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW Nanomaterials 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 10 5 of 10 5 of 10 FigFuigreur2e.2.ScSacnannininggeeleleccttrronmiicroscopy (SEM)imageessooffWSS22hhexeaxgaognoanlalnannaonpolpatleaste(sa,(ba),ba)nadnd nanaonflofwloewresr(sc,(dc,)d;)t;rtarnasnmsmisisisoionneeleleccttrronmiicroscopy(TEM))iimaaggeessooffWSS2 hehxeaxgaognoanlanlanaonpolaptleaste(es)(e) and nanoflowers (f). and nanoflowers (f). Figure 2. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of WS2 hexagonal nanoplates (a,b) and 3.2. AnalynsainsoffloTwriebrsol(ocg,di)c;atlraPnrsompiesrstioienselectron microscopy (TEM) images of WS2 hexagonal nanoplates (e) 3.2. Analysis of Tribological Properties and nanoflowers (f). ThTehteritbroiblolgoigciaclalprporpoperetriteiessooffththeettwodiifffferentWS2 nanoomaateterirailaslsasaslulburbicraicnatnatdaditdiviteivseisnin 2 parpaffiranffionilowilewrerienivnevsetsigtiagtaetdedbbyyaaUMT--22ttrriibotester.Figure3aasshhoowssththeefefffecetcotfotfhtehneanaonmoamteartiearlial 3.2. Analysis of Tribological Properties adadditdiviteivceocnocnecnetnrtartaitoionnssoonntthe tribologiicallpprroopperetriteiseswwithitha wa owrkoirnkginlogaldoaodf 2o0fN20atN20a0tr2p0m0 froprm30for The tribological properties of the two different WS2 nanomaterials as lubricant additives in 30min..Frroomtthhisis,,ititccoouuldldbbeefofouunnddththatathteheavaevreargaegefrficritciotinoncoceoffeifficiecnietnotfopfaprafrfaiffin onilowiliwthithethaedadditdioitnion paraffin oil were investigated by a UMT-2 tribotester. Figure 3a shows the effect of the nanomaterial of the two different nanomaterials was smaller than that of pure paraffin oil. When the content of the of the two different nanomaterials was smaller than that of pure paraffin oil. When the content of additive concentrations on the tribological properties with a working load of 20 N at 200 rpm for 30 additives was 0.5 wt %, the friction coefficient of the paraffin oil with WS2 nanoflowers reached the theadditiveswas0.5wt%,thefrictioncoefficientoftheparaffinoilwithWS nanoflowersreached min. From this, it could be found that the average friction coefficient of paraffin o2il with the addition lowest value, a reduction of 29.1% in comparison with pure paraffin oil, while that of paraffin oil thelowftehsettvwaoludeif,faerreendtunactniomnaotfer2ia9l.s1%waisnsmcoamllepratrhiasnonthwatiothfpuurreepparaarfafiffinnoilo.iWl,hwehnitlheetchoanttoenftpoafrtahffie noil containing WS2 nanoplates was only reduced by 24.5%. Additionally, when the concentration of the additives was 0.5 wt %, the friction coefficient of the paraffin oil with WS2 nanoflowers reached the containing WS2 nanoplates was only reduced by 24.5%. Additionally, when the concentration of the nanomaterials was higher than 0.5 wt %, the friction reducing performance was gradually weakened lowest value, a reduction of 29.1% in comparison with pure paraffin oil, while that of paraffin oil nanomaterials was higher than 0.5 wt %, the friction reducing performance was gradually weakened wicthontthaeiniincgreWasSe2 noafntohpelatdedsiwtiavseocnolnycreendturacetidonb.yI2t4c.a5n%.bAedcdointicolundalelyd,twhhaetnthtehefrciocnticoentcroaetifofincioefntthwe ill with the increase of the additive concentration. It can be concluded that the friction coefficient will i n c n r a e n a s o e m w a t h e e r i n a l t s h w e a a s d h d i i g t h i v e e r t c h o a n n t e 0 n . 5 t wi s t t %o o , t l h o e w f r o i c r t i t o o n o r h e i d g u h c . i n T g h e p e r r e f a o s r o m n a i n s c t e h w a t a ws g h r e a n d u t h a l e l y c o w n e c a e k n e t n r e a d t i o n increase when the additive content is too low or too high. The reason is that when the concentration is twoiothlothwe,iancroenastienoufotuhselaudbdritciavteincgonfcielmntrcaatinono.tItbceanfobremceodncolnudtehdetshuartfathceforifctihoenfcroicetfifoicniepnatiwr,ilalnd is too low, a continuous lubricating film cannot be formed on the surface of the friction pair, and whinencrtehaesecownhcenthraetaiodnditsivtoeocohnigtehn,tthisetoaoddloitwivoerwtoilol hagighl.oTmherraetaes, ownhiischthaftfwechtsenthtehefrcioctnicoenn-trreadtiuocning when the concentration is too high, the additive will agglomerate, which affects the friction-reducing is too low, a continuous lubricating film cannot be formed on the surface of the friction pair, and effect [38]. Figure 3b exhibits the real-time friction coefficient curve of pure paraffin oil and the two effect [38]. Figure 3b exhibits the real-time friction coefficient curve of pure paraffin oil and the two when the concentration is too high, the additive will agglomerate, which affects the friction-reducing lubricating oils with 0.5 wt % nanomaterial added. In the beginning, the three curves had the same lubricating oils with 0.5 wt % nanomaterial added. In the beginning, the three curves had the same effect [38]. Figure 3b exhibits the real-time friction coefficient curve of pure paraffin oil and the two trend, and the friction coefficient changed from large to small, which is attributable to the lack of trendl,ubarnicdatihneg foriilcstwiointhc0o.5effiwtci%entanchomanagterdialfraodmdedla.rIgnethteobsemgianlnl,inwg,htihcehtihsreaettcruibrvuetsabhaledtohethsaemlaeck of lubricant between the friction pairs. With the embedding of the lubricant, the friction coefficient was trend, and the friction coefficient changed from large to small, which is attributable to the lack of lubricant between the friction pairs. With the embedding of the lubricant, the friction coefficient was drastically reduced. However, after 10 min, the friction coefficient of the pure paraffin oil began to lubricant between the friction pairs. With the embedding of the lubricant, the friction coefficient was drastically reduced. However, after 10 min, the friction coefficient of the pure paraffin oil began to increase, and the coefficient fluctuated greatly. However, the friction coefficient of the paraffin oil drastically reduced. However, after 10 min, the friction coefficient of the pure paraffin oil began to increase, and the coefficient fluctuated greatly. However, the friction coefficient of the paraffin oil with added nanomaterials was very stable, and the friction coefficient of the WS2 nanoflowers was increase, and the coefficient fluctuated greatly. However, the friction coefficient of the paraffin oil witahlwaadydseldownearntohmanattehraitalosfwthaesnvaenroypsltaatebsl.e,TahnedabthoveefreixcptieornimcoenetffialcriesnutlotsfitnhdeicWatSe2thnatntohfleopwarearfsfiwnas with added nanomaterials was very stable, and the friction coefficient of the WS2 nanoflowers was alwoailycsolnotwaienrinthgaWnSth2antaonfotfhloewnearnsoppolsastess.eTdhbeeattbeorvlueberxipcaetriinmgepnrtoaplerretsiuesltsthianndibcoathetheatptuhreeppaarraaffiffninoil always lower than that of the nanoplates. The above experimental results indicate that the paraffin conotilaainidngthWepSaranfafinoofliolwcoenrtsaipnoinsgseWssSe2dnbaentotperlaltuesb.ricatingpropertiesthanboththepureparaffinoil 2 oil containing WS2 nanoflowers possessed better lubricating properties than both the pure paraffin andtheparaffinoilcontainingWS nanoplates. oil and the paraffin oil containing2 WS2 nanoplates. Figure 3. (a) The changes of the average friction coefficient of the WS2 nanoplates and nanoflowers 2 FigurFeig3u.r(ea3).T(ha)eTcheacnhgaensgeosfothfethaevaevreargageefrfircicttiioncoefffificiieennttooffththeeWWS2Snanoapnloaptelsataensdanadnonfalonwoeflroswers 2 with different concentration, and (b) the real-time friction coefficient as a function of sliding time with different concentration, and (b) the real-time friction coefficient as a function of sliding time with different concentration, and (b) the real-time friction coefficient as a function of sliding time when when lubricated by three different oil samples. when lubricated by three different oil samples. lubricated by three different oil samples.PDF Image | Tribological Properties of WS2 Hexagonal Nanoplates Nanoflowers
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