INFINITY TURBINE LLC We specialize in designs, plans, licensing, consulting, design services, and surplus spare parts. We no longer manufacture turbines or CO2 systems. More Info...
TEL: +1-608-238-6001 (Chicago Time Zone ) USA
Email: greg@infinityturbine.com
The Six-Year Wall: Why AI Data Centers Can't Get Power— And Who Just Cracked the Problem Hyperscalers are racing to deploy gigawatts of AI compute, but the grid can't keep up and large gas turbines are backordered half a decade out. Infinity Turbine's Cluster Mesh Supercritical CO₂ system offers a radical alternative: modular, silent, trailer-deployable prime power that scales the way software does... More Info
Data Center 40 MW to 100 MW Using IT1000 Supercritical CO2 Gas Turbine Generator Silent Prime Power 1 MW (natural gas, solar thermal, thermal battery heat) ... More Info
Developing Rack Prime Power DC for AI Server Racks Sidecar 48V to 800V DC plus DC buffer for hyperscalers... More Info
The Shift from AC to DC Power Production for AI Data Centers AI data centers are pushing electrical infrastructure to its limits. The traditional AC power chain is no longer optimal for GPU-driven workloads. A DC-native architecture using Infinity Turbine’s Cluster Mesh system offers a path to higher efficiency, lower costs, and scalable modular power—potentially saving tens of millions per year at hyperscale... More Info
SMR and Cluster Mesh Supercritical CO2 Power System for Data Centers and AI Pairing Cluster Mesh Supercritical CO2 Power System with Small Modular Reactors enables hyperscalers to convert high-grade nuclear heat into ultra-efficient, dispatchable power with a compact, modular footprint tailored for AI-scale demand. More Info
ORC and Products Index Infinity Turbine ORC Index... More Info
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Steam vs Supercritical CO2 Feasibility at the stated temperaturesAt 1,500 psi and 3,000 psi, the saturation temperature of water is far above 100 C.Therefore, 45 C and 100 C are not valid steam operating points at these pressures. You would have subcooled liquid water, not steam.Meaningful steam comparisons at these pressures are at superheated conditions such as 300 C and 700 C.How these numbers were derivedFor the same pressure and temperature, choked mass flux of steam is roughly sixty to sixty five percent of CO₂ because steam has a higher specific gas constant.Per-kilogram turbine work for steam is typically higher than for CO₂ at high temperature. A good bench rule is:At 300 C, steam delivers about one and a quarter times the specific work of CO₂.At 700 C, steam delivers about one and a half times the specific work of CO₂.Combining those two effects gives an overall power factor versus your earlier CO₂ pipe-limited figures of:About zero point eight of CO₂ at 300 C.About zero point nine six of CO₂ at 700 C.I applied those factors to the same feed-limited CO₂ ceilings you used for the cart to produce comparable steam ceilings below. These are upper bounds for a smooth, short run into a nozzle; real cart values will be lower due to heater limits, bends, valves, and component losses.Steam at 3,000 psi, practical pipe-limited ceilings300 C superheated steam1/8 inch ID: about 40 kW1/4 inch ID: about 160 kW3/8 inch ID: about 360 kW1 inch ID: about 2,240 kW700 C superheated steam1/8 inch ID: about 72 kW1/4 inch ID: about 288 kW3/8 inch ID: about 648 kW1 inch ID: about 3,840 kWSteam at 1,500 psi, practical pipe-limited ceilingsFor reference, these are roughly one half of the 3,000 psi CO₂ values, then adjusted by the same steam factors.300 C superheated steam1/8 inch ID: about 20 kW1/4 inch ID: about 80 kW3/8 inch ID: about 180 kW1 inch ID: about 1,120 kW700 C superheated steam1/8 inch ID: about 36 kW1/4 inch ID: about 144 kW3/8 inch ID: about 324 kW1 inch ID: about 1,920 kWWhat these results mean for a developers cartHeater power will cap you well below these pipe ceilings on a bench rig. A ten to twenty kilowatt heater cannot feed hundreds of kilowatts of turbine power.Component selection differs. Steam at 700 C demands nickel-based alloys and upgraded seals and bearings.If you want apples-to-apples testing vs CO₂, target 300 C first. At that point, steam delivers about eighty percent of the CO₂ pipe-limited ceiling for the same line size and pressure, which keeps hardware demands modest. |
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